[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ autostart default.xml
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh net-edit default or other application using the libvirt API. --> <network> <name>default</name> <uuid>1e5f91fd-6e5a-4bc9-887d-d3d9f8378352</uuid> <forward mode='nat'/> <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/> <mac address='52:54:00:b8:63:cb'/> <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> <dhcp> <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/> </dhcp> </ip> </network>
Create a new virtual machine from specified install media.
optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --version show program's version number and exit --connect URI Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI
General Options: -n NAME, --name NAME Name of the guest instance --memory MEMORY Configure guest memory allocation. Ex: --memory 1024 (in MiB) --memory 512,maxmemory=1024 --memory 512,maxmemory=1024,hotplugmemorymax=2048,hotplugmemoryslots=2 --vcpus VCPUS Number of vcpus to configure for your guest. Ex: --vcpus 5 --vcpus 5,maxvcpus=10,cpuset=1-4,6,8 --vcpus sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2 --cpu CPU CPU model and features. Ex: --cpu coreduo,+x2apic --cpu host-passthrough --cpu host --metadata METADATA Configure guest metadata. Ex: --metadata name=foo,title="My pretty title",uuid=... --metadata description="My nice long description"
Installation Method Options: --cdrom CDROM CD-ROM installation media -l LOCATION, --location LOCATION Installation source (eg, nfs:host:/path, http://host/path, ftp://host/path) --pxe Boot from the network using the PXE protocol --import Build guest around an existing disk image --livecd Treat the CD-ROM media as a Live CD -x EXTRA_ARGS, --extra-args EXTRA_ARGS Additional arguments to pass to the install kernel booted from --location --initrd-inject INITRD_INJECT Add given file to root of initrd from --location --os-variant DISTRO_VARIANT The OS variant being installed guests, e.g. 'fedora18', 'rhel6', 'winxp', etc. --boot BOOT Configure guest boot settings. Ex: --boot hd,cdrom,menu=on --boot init=/sbin/init (for containers) --idmap IDMAP Enable user namespace for LXC container. Ex: --idmap uid_start=0,uid_target=1000,uid_count=10
Device Options: --disk DISK Specify storage with various options. Ex. --disk size=10 (new 10GiB image in default location) --disk /my/existing/disk,cache=none --disk device=cdrom,bus=scsi --disk=? -w NETWORK, --network NETWORK Configure a guest network interface. Ex: --network bridge=mybr0 --network network=my_libvirt_virtual_net --network network=mynet,model=virtio,mac=00:11... --network none --network help --graphics GRAPHICS Configure guest display settings. Ex: --graphics vnc --graphics spice,port=5901,tlsport=5902 --graphics none --graphics vnc,password=foobar,port=5910,keymap=ja --controller CONTROLLER Configure a guest controller device. Ex: --controller type=usb,model=ich9-ehci1 --input INPUT Configure a guest input device. Ex: --input tablet --input keyboard,bus=usb --serial SERIAL Configure a guest serial device --parallel PARALLEL Configure a guest parallel device --channel CHANNEL Configure a guest communication channel --console CONSOLE Configure a text console connection between the guest and host --hostdev HOSTDEV Configure physical USB/PCI/etc host devices to be shared with the guest --filesystem FILESYSTEM Pass host directory to the guest. Ex: --filesystem /my/source/dir,/dir/in/guest --filesystem template_name,/,type=template --sound [SOUND] Configure guest sound device emulation --watchdog WATCHDOG Configure a guest watchdog device --video VIDEO Configure guest video hardware. --smartcard SMARTCARD Configure a guest smartcard device. Ex: --smartcard mode=passthrough --redirdev REDIRDEV Configure a guest redirection device. Ex: --redirdev usb,type=tcp,server=192.168.1.1:4000 --memballoon MEMBALLOON Configure a guest memballoon device. Ex: --memballoon model=virtio --tpm TPM Configure a guest TPM device. Ex: --tpm /dev/tpm --rng RNG Configure a guest RNG device. Ex: --rng /dev/urandom --panic PANIC Configure a guest panic device. Ex: --panic default --memdev MEMDEV Configure a guest memory device. Ex: --memdev dimm,target_size=1024
Guest Configuration Options: --security SECURITY Set domain security driver configuration. --cputune CPUTUNE Tune CPU parameters for the domain process. --numatune NUMATUNE Tune NUMA policy for the domain process. --memtune MEMTUNE Tune memory policy for the domain process. --blkiotune BLKIOTUNE Tune blkio policy for the domain process. --memorybacking MEMORYBACKING Set memory backing policy for the domain process. Ex: --memorybacking hugepages=on --features FEATURES Set domain <features> XML. Ex: --features acpi=off --features apic=on,eoi=on --clock CLOCK Set domain <clock> XML. Ex: --clock offset=localtime,rtc_tickpolicy=catchup --pm PM Configure VM power management features --events EVENTS Configure VM lifecycle management policy --resource RESOURCE Configure VM resource partitioning (cgroups) --sysinfo SYSINFO Configure SMBIOS System Information. Ex: --sysinfo emulate --sysinfo host --sysinfo bios_vendor=Vendor_Inc.,bios_version=1.2.3-abc,... --sysinfo system_manufacturer=System_Corp.,system_product=Computer,... --sysinfo baseBoard_manufacturer=Baseboard_Corp.,baseBoard_product=Motherboard,... --qemu-commandline QEMU_COMMANDLINE Pass arguments directly to the qemu emulator. Ex: --qemu-commandline='-display gtk,gl=on' --qemu-commandline env=DISPLAY=:0.1
Virtualization Platform Options: -v, --hvm This guest should be a fully virtualized guest -p, --paravirt This guest should be a paravirtualized guest --container This guest should be a container guest --virt-type HV_TYPE Hypervisor name to use (kvm, qemu, xen, ...) --arch ARCH The CPU architecture to simulate --machine MACHINE The machine type to emulate
Miscellaneous Options: --autostart Have domain autostart on host boot up. --transient Create a transient domain. --wait WAIT Minutes to wait for install to complete. --noautoconsole Don't automatically try to connect to the guest console --noreboot Don't boot guest after completing install. --print-xml [XMLONLY] Print the generated domain XML rather than create the guest. --dry-run Run through install process, but do not create devices or define the guest. --check CHECK Enable or disable validation checks. Example: --check path_in_use=off --check all=off -q, --quiet Suppress non-error output -d, --debug Print debugging information
options: -c | --connect=URI hypervisor connection URI -d | --debug=NUM debug level [0-4] -e | --escape <char> set escape sequence for console -h | --help this help -k | --keepalive-interval=NUM keepalive interval in seconds, 0 for disable -K | --keepalive-count=NUM number of possible missed keepalive messages -l | --log=FILE output logging to file -q | --quiet quiet mode -r | --readonly connect readonly -t | --timing print timing information -v short version -V long version --version[=TYPE] version, TYPE is short or long (default short) commands (non interactive mode):
Domain Management (help keyword 'domain') attach-device attach device from an XML file attach-disk attach disk device attach-interface attach network interface autostart autostart a domain blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters. blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters blockcommit Start a block commit operation. blockcopy Start a block copy operation. blockjob Manage active block operations blockpull Populate a disk from its backing image. blockresize Resize block device of domain. change-media Change media of CD or floppy drive console connect to the guest console cpu-stats show domain cpu statistics create create a domain from an XML file define define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file desc show or set domain's description or title destroy destroy (stop) a domain detach-device detach device from an XML file detach-device-alias detach device from an alias detach-disk detach disk device detach-interface detach network interface domdisplay domain display connection URI domfsfreeze Freeze domain's mounted filesystems. domfsthaw Thaw domain's mounted filesystems. domfsinfo Get information of domain's mounted filesystems. domfstrim Invoke fstrim on domain's mounted filesystems. domhostname print the domain's hostname domid convert a domain name or UUID to domain id domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface domiftune get/set parameters of a virtual interface domjobabort abort active domain job domjobinfo domain job information domname convert a domain id or UUID to domain name domrename rename a domain dompmsuspend suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions dompmwakeup wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state domuuid convert a domain name or id to domain UUID domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config dump dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis dumpxml domain information in XML edit edit XML configuration for a domain event Domain Events inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest iothreadinfo view domain IOThreads iothreadpin control domain IOThread affinity iothreadadd add an IOThread to the guest domain iothreaddel delete an IOThread from the guest domain send-key Send keycodes to the guest send-process-signal Send signals to processes lxc-enter-namespace LXC Guest Enter Namespace managedsave managed save of a domain state managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain managedsave-edit edit XML for a domain's managed save state file managedsave-dumpxml Domain information of managed save state file in XML managedsave-define redefine the XML for a domain's managed save state file memtune Get or set memory parameters perf Get or set perf event metadata show or set domain's custom XML metadata migrate migrate domain to another host migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime migrate-getmaxdowntime get maximum tolerable downtime migrate-compcache get/set compression cache size migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth migrate-postcopy Switch running migration from pre-copy to post-copy numatune Get or set numa parameters qemu-attach QEMU Attach qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command qemu-monitor-event QEMU Monitor Events qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command reboot reboot a domain reset reset a domain restore restore a domain from a saved state in a file resume resume a domain save save a domain state to a file save-image-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file save-image-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML save-image-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file schedinfo show/set scheduler parameters screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file set-lifecycle-action change lifecycle actions set-user-password set the user password inside the domain setmaxmem change maximum memory limit setmem change memory allocation setvcpus change number of virtual CPUs shutdown gracefully shutdown a domain start start a (previously defined) inactive domain suspend suspend a domain ttyconsole tty console undefine undefine a domain update-device update device from an XML file vcpucount domain vcpu counts vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity emulatorpin control or query domain emulator affinity vncdisplay vnc display guestvcpus query or modify state of vcpu in the guest (via agent) setvcpu attach/detach vcpu or groups of threads domblkthreshold set the threshold for block-threshold event for a given block device or it's backing chain element
Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor') domblkerror Show errors on block devices domblkinfo domain block device size information domblklist list all domain blocks domblkstat get device block stats for a domain domcontrol domain control interface state domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface domifaddr Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain domiflist list all domain virtual interfaces domifstat get network interface stats for a domain dominfo domain information dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain domstate domain state domstats get statistics about one or multiple domains domtime domain time list list domains
Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host') allocpages Manipulate pages pool size capabilities capabilities cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file cpu-models CPU models domcapabilities domain capabilities freecell NUMA free memory freepages NUMA free pages hostname print the hypervisor hostname hypervisor-cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU usable by a specific hypervisor hypervisor-cpu-compare compare a CPU with the CPU created by a hypervisor on the host maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum node-memory-tune Get or set node memory parameters nodecpumap node cpu map nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node. nodeinfo node information nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node. nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo uri print the hypervisor canonical URI version show version
Interface (help keyword 'interface') iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback) iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point iface-define define an inactive persistent physical host interface or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down") iface-dumpxml interface information in XML iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface iface-list list physical host interfaces iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up") iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration)
Network Filter (help keyword 'filter') nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter nwfilter-list list network filters nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter nwfilter-binding-create create a network filter binding from an XML file nwfilter-binding-delete delete a network filter binding nwfilter-binding-dumpxml network filter information in XML nwfilter-binding-list list network filter bindings
Networking (help keyword 'network') net-autostart autostart a network net-create create a network from an XML file net-define define an inactive persistent virtual network or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file net-destroy destroy (stop) a network net-dhcp-leases print lease info for a given network net-dumpxml network information in XML net-edit edit XML configuration for a network net-event Network Events net-info network information net-list list networks net-name convert a network UUID to network name net-start start a (previously defined) inactive network net-undefine undefine a persistent network net-update update parts of an existing network's configuration net-uuid convert a network name to network UUID
Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev') nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node nodedev-detach detach node device from its device driver nodedev-dumpxml node device details in XML nodedev-list enumerate devices on this host nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver nodedev-reset reset node device nodedev-event Node Device Events
Secret (help keyword 'secret') secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML secret-event Secret Events secret-get-value Output a secret value secret-list list secrets secret-set-value set a secret value secret-undefine undefine a secret
Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot') snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot snapshot-info snapshot information snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot
Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool') find-storage-pool-sources-as find potential storage pool sources find-storage-pool-sources discover potential storage pool sources pool-autostart autostart a pool pool-build build a pool pool-create-as create a pool from a set of args pool-create create a pool from an XML file pool-define-as define a pool from a set of args pool-define define an inactive persistent storage pool or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file pool-delete delete a pool pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool pool-dumpxml pool information in XML pool-edit edit XML configuration for a storage pool pool-info storage pool information pool-list list pools pool-name convert a pool UUID to pool name pool-refresh refresh a pool pool-start start a (previously defined) inactive pool pool-undefine undefine an inactive pool pool-uuid convert a pool name to pool UUID pool-event Storage Pool Events
Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume') vol-clone clone a volume. vol-create-as create a volume from a set of args vol-create create a vol from an XML file vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input vol-delete delete a vol vol-download download volume contents to a file vol-dumpxml vol information in XML vol-info storage vol information vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path vol-list list vols vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path vol-resize resize a vol vol-upload upload file contents to a volume vol-wipe wipe a vol
Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh') cd change the current directory echo echo arguments exit quit this interactive terminal help print help pwd print the current directory quit quit this interactive terminal connect (re)connect to hypervisor
(specify help <group> for details about the commands in the group)
(specify help <command> for details about the command)
[root@kvm1 storage]# virsh pool-define-as hmk_pool –type dir –target /kvm/images Pool hmk_pool defined [root@kvm1 storage]# virsh pool-build hmk_pool Pool hmk_pool built
[root@kvm1 storage]# virsh pool-list –all Name State Autostart
default active yes hmk_pool inactive no images active yes opt active yes root active yes
取消存储池
取消存储池目录
virsh pool-delete hmk_pool
删除存储配置文件
virsh pool-undefine hmk_pool
[root@kvm1 ~]# virsh pool-destroy hmk_pool Pool hmk_pool destroyed
[root@kvm1 ~]# virsh pool-delete hmk_pool Pool hmk_pool deleted
[root@kvm1 ~]# [root@kvm1 ~]# virsh pool-undefine hmk_pool Pool hmk_pool has been undefined
[root@kvm1 ~]# virsh –help | grep vol Storage Volume (help keyword ‘volume’) vol-clone clone a volume. vol-create-as create a volume from a set of args vol-create create a vol from an XML file vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input vol-delete delete a vol vol-download download volume contents to a file vol-dumpxml vol information in XML vol-info storage vol information vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path vol-list list vols vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path vol-resize resize a vol vol-upload upload file contents to a volume vol-wipe wipe a vol
简单操作
创建存储卷
[root@kvm1 storage]# virsh vol-create-as –pool hmk_pool –name hmktest.img –capacity 2G –allocation 1G –format raw Vol hmktest.img created
# 格式化 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition! Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Discarding device blocks: done Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131072 inodes, 524288 blocks 26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# ddif=/dev/zero of=/hmk/test.txt bs=1M count=200 200+0 records in 200+0 records out 209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 2.30002 s, 91.2 MB/s
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# 卸载磁盘 [root@localhost ~]# umount /hmk
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[root@kvm1 images]# virsh detach-disk testkvm sdb Disk detached successfully
